Long-Term Power Generation Without Recharging Possible Through Hybrid Beta-Particle Battery
In the realm of energy conversion technology, a significant breakthrough has been made by researchers at the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST). Led by Professor Su-Il In, the team has successfully developed the world's first next-generation betavoltaic cell, combining nuclear batteries with advanced materials science [1][2].
The betavoltaic cell harnesses the power of radioactive carbon-14 and perovskite materials to convert beta particles from radioactive decay into electricity. This innovative approach offers promising results, particularly in terms of energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and longevity [1][2].
Key achievements include the use of carbon-14 nanoparticles and quantum dots embedded with a perovskite film enhanced by dual chlorine-based additives, methylammonium chloride (MACl) and cesium chloride (CsCl). These enhancements have led to improved crystal stability, charge transport, an unprecedented increase in electron mobility (approximately 56,000 times compared to older designs), and stable device operation for up to nine hours during testing under continuous radiation exposure [1][3].
Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) stands at around 1.5 ± 0.2%, with an ECE near 1.8% for extended operation. The power density is at 5.32 nW/cm², short-circuit current density is 15.01 nA/cm², and open-circuit voltage is 2.75 mV [3].
Researchers believe that with further optimization, the efficiency could improve substantially, potentially reaching efficiencies comparable to solar cells (around 28%) [3].
One of the significant advantages of carbon-14 is its slow decay rate and safe emission of only beta particles, which cannot penetrate skin and are easily shielded. This makes these batteries ideal for powering small electronic devices for decades or even centuries without recharging [1][2].
Moreover, the raw materials are relatively inexpensive and recyclable, with carbon-14 derived as a by-product from nuclear reactors [1]. However, there is still significant room for efficiency improvements, stability under prolonged radiation, and scaling up the technology for practical, consumer-friendly applications [3].
Despite the promising results, broad commercial use is not imminent, especially for portable electronics due to current efficiency and radioactive handling concerns. However, these betavoltaic cells represent a novel, long-life alternative power source for specialized applications where battery replacement is difficult or infeasible [3].
Recent developments in China indicate ongoing international interest in this field, underscoring the strategic importance and competitive research activity as of mid-2025 [4][5].
In summary, perovskite-based betavoltaic cells are an emerging technology that holds great potential for long-duration, low-power applications powering devices over decades without recharge. The future of this technology depends on overcoming technical challenges in efficiency and safety, but it offers a promising path towards sustainable, long-lasting energy solutions.
The breakthrough betavoltaic cell, developed at DGIST, harnesses science by combining nuclear technology with advanced materials like perovskite, converting beta particles into electricity. This cell, enhanced with carbon-14 nanoparticles and quantum dots, showcases the potential of technology, offering improved efficiency and longevity.
